Nitra Castle / Nitriansky hrad
Hi, I wrote this post in English and Slovak languages.
Hi.
Today, in my post, we will go to see an ancient Slovak city. I will guide you around Nitra and we will go straight to see the dominant feature of the city, which is the Nitra Castle. The castle now stands proudly above the city, as it did many years ago.
My first steps were directed there when I arrived in Nitra. So first I packed my things in the dormitory and only then went to the castle. Nitra is close to my heart because I graduated here. I digressed a bit from the topic, but that's how introductions are supposed to be.
The history of the castle dates back to the 8th century, when the Principality of Nitra began to form here. The castle hill is not high, but it was well protected by a natural barrier. The Nitra River surrounded it on three sides and it was a suitable place to build a fortress. Prince Pribina chose it as his residence.
Later, when the Principality of Nitra became part of Great Moravia, the castle served as the residential center of the prince. He was expanding the castle.
Thanks to its location, Nitra castle was exposed to several challenges. One of them was the invasion of the Tatars on the territory of today's Slovakia. At that time, the castle was already a massive stone fortress. After the defeat of the Hungarian troops in the Battle of Slaná, the Tatars had a free way to plunder and occupy new territories in Hungary. Castles stood in their way, and one of those that resisted their attack was Nitra Castle. It happened in 1241.
It was worse a few years later, when in 1271 a war broke out between the Czech king Přemysl Otakar II. and the Hungarian king Štefan V. The Czech king captured and ravaged the castle. Then the church of St. Emeráma.
The defenders did not have time to recover and repair the damage, and the Czech king did something similar two years later.
These losses marked a turning point in the fate of Nitra Castle. In 1296, the Hungarian king donated the ruined castle to the bishop, and since then the castle has been the bishop's property. It has remained until today, because it is the seat of the bishop. Because of this, it is only partially accessible to the public. One of the parts we went to see is the church. When entering it, you must have your body sufficiently covered. We were there in the summer. It was hot and the girls were wearing shorts and tank tops. But before entering, they had to cover themselves with prepared clothes.
But let's go back to the past. Despite the fact that the castle became the residence of the Bishop of Nitra, it was fought over again in 1311. This time the army of Matúš Čák Trenčianske came to Nitra. He did not agree with the Hungarian king Karol Robert and his patron the pope. Therefore, not even with the bishop of Nitra, and the conflict was in the world. Matúš Čák conquered and plundered the castle.
The invasion of the Hussites on the territory of Slovakia did not escape the Nitra Castle either. And so in 1440 the castle was recaptured by the army of Ján Jiskra from Brandýs.
Medieval Hungary was the center of internal power struggles. After all, who wouldn't want to be king, right? So, for example, after the death of the Hungarian and Czech king Ladislav Pohrobek, part of the nobility chose Matej Korvín as their king. The other part did not agree with him and wanted to make the Polish king Casimir the Hungarian king. He and his army occupied a large part of Slovakia and chose the Nitra castle as his headquarters. It was in 1471. A year later, the castle was besieged by Matej Korvín. The latter captured him, but Kazimír managed to escape.
Want to hear about another power struggle? This time, the Transylvanian Duke Ján Zápoľský and the Austrian Archduke Ferdinand I are bidding for the empty Hungarian throne. Nitra supported Ferdinand, so the army of Ján Zápoľský attacked the castle and occupied it in 1528.
Due to the Turkish threat, they decided to improve the fortifications of the castles in Hungary. The defense capability of the Nitra Castle also improved, but despite this, the Turks conquered it for a short time in 1663.
Subsequently, the castle resisted the attacks of two rebel armies. At first, the rebels of Imrich Tököly and later even the Kuruks of the Transylvanian Grand Duke František II failed to conquer it. Rákoczi. At first, he managed to conquer only the lower town, and only a year later, with the arrival of his chief general, the castle also fell. The Kurucs held on for four years, but were finally defeated by the Imperial army.
That was the last battle at Nitra Castle. He really skipped a lot during his existence. In the post, I mentioned only some of the military events that happened here. Well, since I like stories and they clearly belong to castles, I will tell you the one about Vodník at Nitra castle.
They dug a deep well on the cliff. It was said that it was fed by the river Nitra itself. The beautiful Žofia used to sit by the well and sing to herself. She was an orphan who had been serving at the castle for some time. She was very beautiful and there was no man who did not want to marry her. She rejected everyone and waited for the right one.
One day she sat down by the well and began to sing. After some time, a nobleman dressed in green clothes approached her. Žofia liked him immediately. They understood each other and arranged another meeting for the next day.
Jakub watched their conversation from a distance. He was head over heels in love with Žofia. When the nobleman left, Jakub ran to Žofka. He didn't like the gentleman, he had never seen him in the castle before. He also told Žofia his concerns. However, she told him that she had just chosen a groom.
Žofia met the unknown nobleman every day. But one day he didn't come. Sad Žofia sat by the well and waited. Suddenly a voice came from the well. It was the voice of her lovely nobleman. Zofka zofka, do you want to be mine forever? He asked. I don't desire anything else, she answered and rushed to the well to see where her beloved was. At that, the waterman pulled her into the well, and no one has ever seen her since.
Thank you
Ahoj.
Dnes sa v mojom príspevku pôjdeme pozrieť do starobylého slovenského mesta. Prevediem vás po Nitre a pôjdeme sa pozrieť rovno na dominantu mesta a tou je Nitriansky hrad. Hrad sa teraz rovnako ako pred mnohými rokmi hrdo týči nad mestom.
Práve tam mierili moje prvé kroky, keď som do Nitry prišiel. Teda najprv som si zložil veci na internáte a až potom som šiel na hrad. Nitra je môjmu srdcu blízka pretože som tu absolvoval vysokú školu. To som trochu odbočil od témy, ale veď úvody majú byť také.
Dejiny hradu siahajú až do 8. storočia, kedy sa práve tu začalo formovať Nitrianske kniežatstvo. Hradný kopec nie je vysoký, lenže bol dobre chránený prírodnou bariérou. Rieka Nitra ho totižto obklopovala z troch strán a bolo to vhodné miesto na vybudovanie hradiska. Za svoje sídlo si ho zvolil knieža Pribina.
Neskôr, keď sa Nitrianske kniežatstvo stalo súčasťou Veľkej Moravy, slúžil hrad ako sídelné centrum kniežaťa. Ten hradisko rozširoval.
Nitriansky hrad bol vďaka svojej polohe vystavený pred viacero výziev. Jednou z nich bol vpád Tatárov na územie dnešného Slovenska. V tom čase bol hrad už mohutnou kamennou pevnosťou. Po porážke uhorských vojsk v bitke pri Slanej mali Tatári voľnú cestu k plieneniu a zaberaniu nových území v Uhorsku. V ceste im stáli hrady a jedným z tých, ktorý ich útoku odolal bol práve hrad Nitra. Stalo sa to v roku 1241.
Horšie to už bolo o pár rokov neskôr, keď sa v roku 1271 strhla vojna medzi českým kráľom Přemyslom Otakarom II. a uhorským kráľom Štefanom V. Český kráľ hrad dobyl a spustošil. Vtedy vyhorel aj kostol sv. Emeráma.
Obrancovia sa nestihli spamätať a opraviť škody a niečo podobné predviedol český kráľ aj o dva roky neskôr.
Tieto prehry znamenali zlom v osude Nitrianskeho hradu. Uhorský kráľ totižto v roku 1296 daroval zničený hrad biskupovi a od tých čias je hrad biskupským majetkom. To ostalo až do dnešných čias, pretože je sídlom biskupa. Aj kvôli tomu je verejnosti sprístupnený len z časti. Jednou z častí, kde sme sa boli pozrieť je kostol. Pri vstupe do neho musíte mať dostatočne zahalené telo. My sme tam boli v lete. Bolo horúco a dievčatá mali kraťasy a tričká na ramienka. No pred vstupom sa museli zahaliť pripravenými odevmi.
Ale vráťme sa späť do minulosti. Napriek tomu, že sa hrad stal sídlom Nitrianskeho biskupa, už v roku 1311 sa oň opäť bojovalo. Tentoraz do Nitry prišlo vojsko Matúša Čáka Trenčianskeho. Ten sa nezhodol s uhorským kráľom Karolom Róbertom a jeho patrónom pápežom. Tým pádom ani s Nitrianskym biskupom a konflikt bol na svete. Matúš Čák hrad dobyl a vyplienil.
Vpád husitov na územie Slovenska neobišlo ani Nitriansky hrad. A tak v roku 1440 bol hrad opäť dobitý vojskom Jána Jiskru z Brandýsa.
Stredoveké Uhorsko bolo centrom vnútorných zápasov o moc. Veď kto by nechcel byť kráľom nie? Tak napríklad po smrti uhorského a českého kráľa Ladislava Pohrobka si časť šľachty zvolila za svojho kráľa Mateja Korvína. Druhá časť s ním nesúhlasila a chcela urobiť uhorským kráľom poľského kráľoviča Kazimíra. Ten so svojím vojskom obsadil veľkú časť Slovenska a za svoje sídlo si vybral Nitriansky hrad. Bolo to v roku 1471. O rok neskôr už hrad obliehal Matej Korvín. Ten ho dobyl, no Kazimírovi sa podarilo ujsť.
Chcete počuť o ďalšom boji o moc? Tentoraz sa o prázdny uhorský trón uchádza sedmohradský vojvoda Ján Zápoľský a rakúsky arcivojvoda Ferdinand I. Nitra podporila Ferdinanda a tak vojsko Jána Zápoľského na hrad zaútočilo a v roku 1528 obsadilo.
Kvôli tureckej hrozbe sa rozhodli vylepšiť opevnenia na hradoch v Uhorsku. Zlepšila sa obranyschopnosť aj Nitrianskeho hradu, no napriek tomu ho Turci v roku 1663 na krátky čas dobyli.
Následne hrad odolal útokom dvoch povstaleckých armád. Najprv sa ho nepodarilo dobyť povstalcom Imricha Tökölyho a neskôr ani kurucom sedmohradského veľmoža Františka II. Rákocziho. Tomu sa najskôr podarilo dobyť iba dolné mesto a až o rok neskôr, s príchodom jeho hlavného generála padol aj hrad. Ten kuruci držali štyri roky, no nakoniec ich porazila cisárska armáda.
To bol posledný boj na Nitrianskom hrade. Počas svojej existencie si toho naozaj veľa preskákal. V príspevku som vám spomenul len niektoré z vojenských udalostí, ktoré sa tu stali. No a kedže mám rád povesti a k hradom tie jednoznačne patria, tak vám vyrozprávam tú o Vodníkovi na Nitrianskom hrade.
Na skalnom brale vykopali hlbokú studňu. Hovorilo sa, že ju napája samotná rieka Nitra. K studni chodievala sedávať a pospevovala si krásna Žofia. Bola to sirota, ktorá už nejaký čas slúžila na hrade. Bola veľmi pekná a nebolo muža, ktorý by si ju nechcel vziať za ženu. Ona všetkých odmietala a čakala na toho pravého.
Jedného dňa si sadla k studni a začala spievať. O nejakú chvíľu sa k nej pristavil šľachtic, odetý v zelených šatách. Žofii sa hneď zapáčil. Rozumeli si a dohodli si ďalšie stretnutie na ďalší deň.
Ich rozhovor z diaľky sledoval Jakub. Ten bol do Žofii po uši zaľúbený. Keď urodzený šľachtic odišiel, pribehol Jakub k Žofke. Ten pán sa mu nepozdával, na hrade ho nikdy predtým nevidel. Svoje obavy povedal aj Žofii. Tá mu však odvrkla, že si práve vybrala ženícha.
Žofia sa s neznámym šľachticom stretávala deň čo deň. Jedného dňa však neprišiel. Smutná Žofia sedela pri studni a čakala. Zrazu sa zo studne ozval hlas. Bol to hlas jej milého šľachtica. Žofka žofka, či chceš byť navždy moja? Opýtal sa. Po ničom inom netúžim, odpovedala a náhla sa do studne, aby sa pozrela kde je jej milý. V tom ju vodník stiahol do studne a od tých čias ju nikto nikdy nevidel.
Ďakujem.
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Nice photography. It's looking like a historical place.
Yes, it is beautiful historical castle. Thank you
Thank you for explaining the whole historical background! I'm a fan, and honestly I didn't know this part :)
Also your pictures are amazing!
Thank you
Z Nitry mám veselou historku. Byl jsem tam asi před patnácti lety s rodinou. V turistickém centru jsem se ptal, jak se jede do nejbližší zoologické. Paní mi odpověděla, že musím buď do Bratislavy, Prievidze anebo až do Košic. Nakonec jsme jeli do Topoľčanek na zubry a bylo to super.
A na Spišskú zabudla, no pekne :)... Preto sa smejem, lebo ja som zo Spišskej... Zubria zvernica v Topoľčiankach je super, ja zas mám príhodu s ňou... S kamošom sme šli na túru a naším cieľom bola práve zubria zvernica... Samozrejme že sme odbočili z turistickej cesty a dostali sa niekde na pole... Za ním sme videli nejakého včelára ktorý akurát stáčal med... Prišli sme k nemu a spýtali sa ako sa dostaneme k zvernici... Pán keď nás videl ako sme šli cez pole sa spýtal odkiaľ ideme... A my že Spišskej Novej Vsi... Musel si myslieť teda keďže Spišská je vzdialená niekoľko 100 km od Topoľčianol :))
You have captured the history and the words just blend well to make a wonderful story. ✨ Good Job. 👏
Thank you 🙂
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